ALBERT EINSTEIN AND HIS THEORIES

Albert Einstein (Ulm, March 14, 1879 – Princeton, April 18, 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist. Popularly regarded as the most important scientist of the 20th century, he largely formulated the special and general theories of relativity, and made important contributions to both quantum theory and statistical mechanics. While best known for the Theory of Relativity (and specifically mass-energy equivalence, E = mc²), he was awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize for Physics for his explanation of the photoelectric effect in 1905 (his "wonderful year" or "miraculous year") and "for his services to Theoretical Physics".
His world fame in physics began in the early 20th century when indisputable evidence supporting his ideas became available. Analysis of the May-1919 British solar-eclipse expeditions confirmed that light rays from distant stars were deflected by the Sun's gravitation, just as predicted by the field equations of general relativity. Once the results of the analysis were accepted, The London Times ran the headline (on November 7, 1919): "Revolution in science – New theory of the Universe – Newtonian ideas overthrown" and Albert Einstein became a global celebrity, an unusual designation for a scientist. In popular culture, the name "Einstein" has become synonymous with great intelligence and genius.
Einstein could not find a teaching post upon graduation, mostly because his brashness as a young man had apparently irritated most of his professors. The father of a classmate helped him obtain employment as a technical assistant examiner at the Swiss Patent Office in 1902. There, Einstein judged the worth of inventors' patent applications for devices that required a knowledge of physics to understand — in particular he was chiefly charged to evaluate patents relating to electromagnetic devices. He also learned how to discern the essence of applications despite sometimes poor descriptions, and was taught by the director how "to express [him]self correctly". He occasionally rectified their design errors while evaluating the practicality of their work.
Einstein married Mileva Marić on January 6, 1903. Einstein's marriage to Marić, who was a mathematician, was both a personal and intellectual partnership: Einstein referred to Mileva as "a creature who is my equal and who is as strong and independent as I am". Ronald W. Clark, a biographer of Einstein, claimed that Einstein depended on the distance that existed in his marriage to Mileva in order to have the solitude necessary to accomplish his work; he required intellectual isolation. Abram Joffe, a Soviet physicist who knew Einstein, wrote in an obituary of him, "The author of [the papers of 1905] was… a bureaucrat at the Patent Office in Bern, Einstein-Marić" and this has recently been taken as evidence of a collaborative relationship. However, according to Alberto A. Martínez of the Center for Einstein Studies at Boston University, Joffe only ascribed authorship to Einstein, as he believed that it was a Swiss custom at the time to append the spouse's last name to the husband's name.Whatever the truth, the extent of her influence on Einstein's work is a highly controversial and debated question.
In 1903, Einstein's position at the Swiss Patent Office had been made permanent, though he was passed over for promotion until he had "fully mastered machine technology". He obtained his doctorate under Alfred Kleiner at the University of Zurich after submitting his thesis "A new determination of molecular dimensions" ("Eine neue Bestimmung der Moleküldimensionen") in 1905.